Rhabdomyosarcoma

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What is Rhabdomyosarcoma?

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare malignant (cancerous) tumor that arises from skeletal muscle cells which have failed to fully mature. Although skeletal muscles are found throughout the body, RMS often develops in areas where there is little actual muscle, such as around the eyes, head and neck, bladder, prostate, vagina, arms, and legs.

It is most commonly seen in children under the age of 10, but can also occur in teenagers and, less frequently, in adults.

Child Recovering in the Hospital

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of rhabdomyosarcoma is unknown. However, certain genetic conditions can increase the risk, such as:

  • Li-Fraumeni syndrome (mutation in the p53 tumor suppressor gene)

  • Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)

  • Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

  • Costello syndrome

Common Symptoms of Rhabdomyosarcoma

Symptoms depend on where the tumor is located. Examples include:

  • Head and neck: swelling, bulging eye, nasal congestion, nosebleeds, throat mass

  • Bladder or genital area: difficulty urinating, blood in urine, vaginal discharge or mass

  • Arms or legs: noticeable lump, sometimes painful, or reduced movement

  • Abdomen: swelling, pain, constipation

Because it can occur almost anywhere in the body, early detection often depends on noticing unusual lumps or persistent swelling.

Diagnosis and Treatment in Ghaziabad

Diagnosis involves:

  • Imaging tests: Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to locate and characterize the tumor

  • Biopsy: To confirm the diagnosis by microscopic examination

  • Bone marrow tests & PET scans: To check for spread (metastasis)

Treatment typically includes:

  • Surgery: To remove as much of the tumor as safely possible

  • Chemotherapy: Essential in almost all cases to shrink the tumor and kill cancer cells throughout the body

  • Radiotherapy: Often used after surgery to target any remaining cancer cells

Long-term follow-up is crucial to monitor for recurrence and manage side effects.

Why Choose Us for Rhabdomyosarcoma Care in Ghaziabad?

  • Expert pediatric and adolescent oncology specialists

  • Advanced surgical and radiotherapy facilities

  • Individualized multimodal treatment plans

  • Child-friendly environment and dedicated pediatric ICU

  • Comprehensive psychosocial and nutritional support for children and families