Pediatric Gastro Intestinal Surgery
This sub speciality deals with gastro intestinal tract of children which includes esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine as well as Hepatobiliary surgery (surgery of liver and biliary tract). Few of the common diseases that are part of this sub speciality include inguinal hernia, acute appendicitis, infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, duplication cyst, choledochal cyst, biliary atresia etc.
Pediatric Urology
Urological conditions affecting children are unique to children and are quite different from those affecting adults. Hypospadias, undescended testis, pelvi ureteric junction obstruction, vesicoureteric reflux are the commonest ones.
Neonatal Surgery
Since physiology of new borns is unique they require special pre operative and post operative care in dedicated centres, hence this is considered as a separate sub speciality. This deals with all the disease entities involving thorax, abdomen, perineum of newborn. Tracheoesophageal fistula, duodenal atresia, malrotation, anorectal malformation are few of the commonest disease entities that affect the children.
Pediatric Oncology
There are few tumours(solid) that specifically affect the children. These include wilms tumour, neuroblastoma, germ cell tumour, hepatoblastoma, rhabdomysosarcoma.
Pediatric Thoracic Surgery
The disease entities that affect the chest of a child which includes congenital lobar emphysema(CLE), empyema thoracis, esophageal duplication cyst etc.
Pediatric Trauma
Presentation of trauma may vary in children as compared to adults , hence a separate subspeciality. Trauma involving thorax, abdomen, perineum of a child has to be dealt with by pediatric surgeon ideally to minimise the mortality and morbidity in children after trauma.
Pediatric Laproscopic Surgery
With the advancement of technology more and more pediatric surgeries are vbeing carried out laproscopically. Laproscopy as in adults offers advantage of lesser post operative pain and better cosmetic appearance post operatively.